On the Introduction of an Upwind Differencing into a Numerical Technique to Solve Boundary Value Problems (BVP)

Adetolaju Olu SundayDepartment of Computer Science, Ekiti State University, Ekiti State, NigeriaOmowaye Kehinde SolomonDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, NigeriaAdebayo Kayode JamesDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

Vol 10 No 9 (2026): Volume 10, Issue 9, September 2026 | Pages: 138-149

International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology

OPEN ACCESS | Research Article | Published Date: 26-09-2026

doi Logo doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2026.109015

Abstract

In practices, mathematical modelling problems can be expressed in the form of BVPs that arise frequently and majorly in the fields of science and engineering, such as electric circuits, fluid dynamics, the motion of rockets or satellites, and other areas of engineering applications. The study of Mildly Non-Linear Boundary Value Problems (MNBVP) is gaining popularity on daily bases as a result of several real-life practical models that degenerate into MNBVP. In recent time, several authors have formulate done numerical techniques or the other to determine the solutions of Boundary Value Problems (BVP); many of these techniques have not been able to easily solve Mildly Non-Linear Boundary Value Problems (MNBVP) because of its peculiarity. The MNBVP are problems that cannot be pinned as linear nor exclusively nonlinear rather; the function and it’s derivative are not all constants. This paper discusses the process of using the Upwind Differencing to reduce the BVP into tridiagonal system after which the Newton-Lieberstein method is employed to solve the mildly non-linear system so formed from the BVP. This imbedded technique requires dual independent processes that involve different Methods. The technique was employed to solve some problems with numerical results showing its flexibility, robustness, and efficiency of the technique. The results compare favourably with exact or analytical results.  

Keywords

Upwind Differencing, Mildly Non-Linear Systems, Boundary Value Problem (BVP), Initial Value Problem, Tridiagonal, Difference Equation


Citation of this Article

Adetolaju Olu Sunday, Omowaye Kehinde Solomon, & Adebayo Kayode James. (2026). On the Introduction of an Upwind Differencing into a Numerical Technique to Solve Boundary Value Problems (BVP). International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET, 10(9), 138-149. Article DOI https://doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2026.109015

References
Adebayo K. J., Akinmuyise M. F., Dele-Rotimi A. O., (2026), Numerical Solution of the Mildly Non-linear Boundary Value Problems (MNBVP) Using Newton-Lieberstein Algorithm, International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics, 2026, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 53–61, https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20261103.11

Omar, Z. and Suleiman, M. B., (2005), Solving higher order ordinary differential equations using parallel 2-point explicit block method, in Matematika, Jabatan UTM, 21, 15-23.

Nur Zahidah Mukhtar, Zanariah Abdul Majid, Fudziah Ismail, (2011), Numerical Solution for Solving Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations Using Block Method, International Conference Mathematical and Computational Biology, International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series, World Scientific Publishing Company, Vol. 9 (2012) 560–565, DOI: 10.1142/S2010194512005661.

Rosser, J. B. and Runge-Kutta, (1967), for all seasons, in SIAM Rev. 9, 417-452.

Worland, P. B., (1976), Parallel methods for the numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations, in IEEE Transactions on Computers, 25, 1045-1048.

Majid, Z. A., Suleiman, M. B., Ismail, F., and Othman, M., (2003), 2-point implicit block one-step method half Gauss-Seidel for solving first order ordinary differential equations, in Matematika, Jabatan UTM, 19, 91-100.

Majid, Z. A. Suleiman, M. B., and Omar, Z., (2006), 3-point implicit block method for solving ordinary differential equations, in Bull. Malays. Math. Sci. Soc, 29, 23-31.

Radzi, H. M., Majid, Z. A., Ismail, F., and Suleiman, M. B., (2011), Four-step implicit block method of Runge-Kutta type for solving first order ordinary differential equations. Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Applied Optimization 2011, 139-143.

Adebayo K. J.,  Adetolaju O. S.,  Omowaye S. K.,  (2026), Numerical Solution of Mildly Non-linear Boundary Value Problems (MNBVP) Using Poly-algorithms, IJRAR - International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), E-ISSN 2348-1269, P-ISSN 2349-5138, Volume.13, Issue 3, Page No pp.864-871, August 2026, Available at : http://www.ijrar.org/IJRAR26C1791.

Adebayo K. J., Alabi T. J., Adisa I. O., Ademoroti A. O., and Dele-Rotimi A. O., (2025), Intertwining the Upwind Differencing and the Newton-Lieberstein’s Methods to Solve Mildly Non-linear Boundary Value Problems (MNBVP), Quest Journals, Journal of Research in Applied Mathematics Volume 11 ~ Issue 7 (July 2025) pp: 53-56 ISSN (Online): 2394-0743 ISSN (Print): 2394-0735 www.questjournals.org.